Conditional Talaq at time of nikah
| Fatwa #1230 | Category: Marriage & Divorce | Country: Bangladesh | Date: 7th October 2024 |
| Fatwa #1230 | Date: 7th October 2024 |
| Category: Marriage & Divorce | |
| Country: Bangladesh | |
Question
Assalamualaikum. A few days back I asked a question in Muftionline.com.za which was answered by Mufti Ebrahim Salejee.
My question was: Assalamualaikum. If the delegation of talaq takes place at the time of contracting the marriage, with the woman saying, “I marry myself to you on the condition that I will have the right to divorce myself whenever I wish,” and the husband responds, “I accept this,” the delegation is valid, right? Doesn’t it have to be said during ijab by women? What if she said something by herself like this long before her marriage when she doesn’t even know her husband? Will divorce talaq occur if she doesn’t say something like thisduring her ijab? If talaq occurs this way, what to do so that talaq doesn’t occur when she gets married? What if the woman said something like this by herself when she doesn’t even know her husband and therefore there was no marriage contract? And she said something like this when her future husband is not even present there? There was no acceptance. What if she said something like this in inaudible voice at night when her sisters wer e there but they didn’t hear anything like that and her future husband was definitely not present and that’s why there was no acceptance? In future, when the woman will get married and doesn’t utter the words of deligation during her ijab, will the divorce occur? What to do to prevent the divorce of this woman?
And the answer they gave is:
Haamidan wa Musalliyan
Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakaatuh
It is valid. However, we discourage this practice, for our teaching is that a man should be controlling. And this type of a condition goes against the very theme of the Quraan Shareef.
And Allah Ta’ala (الله تعالى) knows best.
Now I want to know, how can this delegation be valid when there was no acceptance as the woman didn’t know her husband and she is doubting if she said something due to her OCD in inaudible voice when her sisters were present? As soon as the woman gets married without mentioning the divorce condition in her ijaab, will she have the right as she said something long before her marriage? What if she doesn’t want the right? What can she do to prevent herself from having this right?
P.S.: With all due respect, I am not asking to judge the answer I mentioned right or wrong. I just want to know if the delegation is valid or not and what to do for that woman when she gets married so that she doesn’t have the right after marriage as you know she has OCD.
Answer
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
Anything the woman said before the actual nikah is of no consequence. If the husband accepts the condition of divorce as stipulated by the wife during the nikah, then this is valid. If the woman has waswasa about these things, then she should appoint two witnesses and say infront of them, “I have no intention of divorcing my husband, should I wish to do so, I will come back to the witnesses and decide this infront of them only”.[1] This should curb your waswasa.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Mufti Bilal Pandor
Concurred by
Mufti Muhammad Patel
Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah
Lusaka, Zambia
الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (3/ 244) [1]
باب طلاق المدهوش
وَلَا يُنَافِيهِ تَعْرِيفُ الدَّهَشِ بِذَهَابِ الْعَقْلِ فَإِنَّ الْجُنُونَ فُنُونٌ، وَلِذَا فَسَّرَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِاخْتِلَالِ الْعَقْلِ وَأَدْخَلَ فِيهِ الْعَتَهَ وَالْبِرْسَامَ وَالْإِغْمَاءَ وَالدَّهَشَ. وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ مَا قُلْنَا قَوْلُ بَعْضِهِمْ: الْعَاقِلُ مَنْ يَسْتَقِيمُ كَلَامُهُ وَأَفْعَالُهُ إلَّا نَادِرًا، وَالْمَجْنُونُ ضِدُّهُ. وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ الْمَجَانِينِ يَعْرِفُ مَا يَقُولُ وَيُرِيدُهُ وَيَذْكُرُ مَا يَشْهَدُ الْجَاهِلُ بِهِ بِأَنَّهُ عَاقِلٌ ثُمَّ يَظْهَرُ مِنْهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ مَا يُنَافِيهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمَجْنُونُ حَقِيقَةً قَدْ يَعْرِفُ مَا يَقُولُ وَيَقْصِدُهُ فَغَيْرُهُ بِالْأَوْلَى، فَاَلَّذِي يَنْبَغِي التَّعْوِيلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَدْهُوشِ وَنَحْوِهِ إنَاطَةُ الْحُكْمِ بِغَلَبَةِ الْخَلَلِ فِي أَقْوَالِهِ وَأَفْعَالِهِ الْخَارِجَةِ عَنْ عَادَتِهِ، وَكَذَا يُقَالُ فِيمَنْ اخْتَلَّ عَقْلُهُ لِكِبَرٍ أَوْ لِمَرَضٍ أَوْ لِمُصِيبَةٍ فَاجَأَتْهُ: فَمَا دَامَ فِي حَالِ غَلَبَةِ الْخَلَلِ فِي الْأَقْوَالِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ لَا تُعْتَبَرُ أَقْوَالُهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُهَا وَيُرِيدُهَا لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَعْرِفَةَ وَالْإِرَادَةَ غَيْرُ مُعْتَبَرَةٍ لِعَدَمِ حُصُولِهَا عَنْ الْإِدْرَاكِ صَحِيحٌ كَمَا لَا تُعْتَبَرُ مِنْ الصَّبِيِّ الْعَاقِلِ نَعَمْ يُشْكِلُ عَلَيْهِ مَا سَيَأْتِي فِي التَّعْلِيقِ عَنْ الْبَحْرِ. وَصَرَّحَ بِهِ فِي الْفَتْحِ وَالْخَانِيَّةِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، وَهُوَ: لَوْ طَلَّقَ فَشَهِدَ عِنْدَهُ اثْنَانِ أَنَّك اسْتَثْنَيْت وَهُوَ غَيْرُ ذَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ بِحَيْثُ إذَا غَضِبَ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ وَسِعَهُ الْأَخْذُ بِشَهَادَتِهِمَا وَإِلَّا لَا اهـ مُقْتَضَاهُ أَنَّهُ إذَا كَانَ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ يَقَعُ طَلَاقُهُ وَإِلَّا فَلَا حَاجَةَ إلَى الْأَخْذِ بِقَوْلِهِمَا إنَّك اسْتَثْنَيْت، وَهَذَا مُشْكِلٌ جِدًّا، وَإِلَّا أَنْ يُجَابَ بِأَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِكَوْنِهِ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ أَنَّهُ لِقُوَّةِ غَضَبِهِ قَدْ يَنْسَى مَا يَقُولُ وَلَا يَتَذَكَّرُهُ بَعْدُ، وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ أَنَّهُ صَارَ يَجْرِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ مَا لَا يَفْهَمُهُ أَوْ لَا يَقْصِدُهُ إذْ لَا شَكَّ أَنَّهُ حِينَئِذٍ يَكُونُ فِي أَعْلَى مَرَاتِبِ الْجُنُونِ، وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ هَذَا الْحَمْلُ أَنَّهُ فِي هَذَا الْفَرْعِ عَالِمٌ بِأَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ وَهُوَ قَاصِدٌ لَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَذَكَّرْ الِاسْتِثْنَاءَ لِشِدَّةِ غَضَبِهِ، هَذَا مَا ظَهَرَ لِي فِي تَحْرِيرِ هَذَا الْمَقَامِ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِحَقِيقَةِ الْمَرَامِ ثُمَّ رَأَيْت مَا يُؤَيِّدُ ذَلِكَ الْجَوَابَ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْوَلْوَالِجيَّةِ: إنْ كَانَ بِحَالٍ لَوْ غَضِبَ يَجْرِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ مَا لَا يَحْفَظُهُ بَعْدَهُ جَازَ لَهُ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى قَوْلِ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ، فَقَوْلُهُ لَا يَحْفَظُهُ بَعْدَهُ صَرِيحٌ فِيمَا قُلْنَا وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
فتاوي قاسمية جلد 14 ص370