Gift or Inheritance
| Fatwa #809 | Category: Marriage & Divorce | Country: Pakistan | Date: 31st October 2022 |
| Fatwa #809 | Date: 31st October 2022 |
| Category: Marriage & Divorce | |
| Country: Pakistan | |
Question
A mother has five children two sons A &B and three daughters. Son A is living in Germany for the last 23 years and son B has been living with the mother in Pakistan. The three sister are also living in Pakistan.
There is a 6 marla house purchased in 2003 from the mothers money. It is in the name of her husband who passed away in 2007. Half of this house has been purchased by Son A in 2012.
Son A claims that the mother wanted to give the other half of the house to him as a gift, Son A has some letters in which the mother has told that this house belongs to him. The sisters knew about this intention of the mother, Mother had also told the sisters that she had given her share to son A also.
Son B was not told clearly about this intention and he did not know about the letters, but he was aware of the mothers wish. Mother has been saying that Son A should come to Pakistan so that she handover things and decide about all undecided property matters with other children also. However the Son A did not come to Pakistan for the last seven years.
Mother did not Announced openly this intention to give the house in front of all her four children. The mother had a file in which she had written about all the details of distribution and ownership of the other decided properties of the family after the death of her husband, She had written in details which property belongs to which child, however she has not written anything about the remaining half of this house in the file.
The house was not as such handed over to the son A as he was away nor transferred in his name.
The mother passed away in 2021.
Our question is, Has the remaining half of the house now been gifted to son A or will it fall into inheritance.
Answer
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
At the outset, one should understand that a gift becomes complete through Ijaab (offer) and Qabool (acceptance) and by taking possession of the item. [1]
One does not become an owner automatically by merely putting the property on the person’s name. One should relinquish his/her rights from the specific property or item when gifting it.
You state that the house was not handed to the Son, nor transferred in his name.
Accordingly, the share of the house belonged to the late mother and will form part of her estate and will be divided according to the Shariah Law of Succession and Inheritance.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Mufti Muhammad I.V Patel
Checked and Concurred by
Mufti Bilal Pandor
Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah
Lusaka, Zambia
الأصل للشيباني ط قطر (3/ 360)
ولا تجوز الهبة إلا مقسومة مقبوضة
بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (6/ 115)
أَمَّا رُكْنُ الْهِبَةِ فَهُوَ الْإِيجَابُ مِنْ الْوَاهِبِ فَأَمَّا الْقَبُولُ مِنْ الْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ فَلَيْسَ بِرُكْنٍ اسْتِحْسَانًا وَالْقِيَاسُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رُكْنًا وَهُوَ قَوْلُ زُفَرَ وَفِي قَوْلٍ قَالَ الْقَبْضُ أَيْضًا
(فَأَمَّا) الْقَبُولُ وَالْقَبْضُ فَفِعْلُ الْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ فَلَا يَكُونُ مَقْدُورَ الْوَاهِبِ وَالْمِلْكُ مَحْكُومٌ شَرْعِيٌّ ثَبَتَ جَبْرًا مِنْ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى شَاءَ الْعَبْدُ أَوْ أَبَى فَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ مَنْعَ النَّفْسِ عَنْهُ أَيْضًا بِخِلَافِ الْبَيْعِ
المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (6/ 238)
قال محمد رحمه الله في «الأصل» : لا تجوز الهبة إلا محوزة مقسومة مقبوضة يستوي فيها الأجنبي والولد إذا كان بالغاً، وقوله لا يجوز: لا يتم الحكم، فالجواز ثابت قبل القبض باتفاق الصحابة، والقبض الذي يتعلق به تمام الهبة؛ القبض بإذن الواهب وذلك نوعان: صريح، ودلالة ففيما إذا أذن له بالقبض صريحاً يصح قبضه في المجلس وبعد الافتراق عن المجلس ويملكه قياساً واستحساناً، ولو نهاه عن القبض بعد الهبة لا يصح قبضه لا في المجلس ولا بعد الافتراق عن المجلس ولا يملكه قياساً، ولو لم يكن أذن له بالقبض ولم ينهه عنه إن قبضه في المجلس صح قبضه استحساناً ولم يصح قبضه قياساً، وإن قبضه بعد الافتراق عن المجلس لا يصح قبضه قياساً واستحساناً،
النتف في الفتاوى للسغدي (1/ 512)
قَالَ وَالْهِبَة لَا تصح الا بِخمْس شَرَائِط
ان تكون مَعْلُومَة
ان تكون محوزة
وان تكون مفروغة
وان تكون مَقْبُوضَة عِنْد الْفُقَهَاء وابي عبد الله وَقَالَ مَالك ان وهب بِغَيْر ثَوَاب صَحَّ بِغَيْر قبض وان وهب للثَّواب فَلهُ مَنعه حَتَّى يُثَاب مِنْهَا كَالْبيع وَكَذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَة والعمرى والنخلى والجيس