Property- Gift
| Fatwa #868 | Category: Inheritance | Country: Zambia | Date: 4th June 2023 |
| Fatwa #868 | Date: 4th June 2023 |
| Category: Inheritance | |
| Country: Zambia | |
Question
Assalamualaikumwww
My father-in-law had a property in India which was in partnership with his siblings.
Which he gave it away to his daughter and wife in the presence of the uncles.
As he was a sick patient, he never managed to have it written.
After he passed away in 2019 his uncles who were aware of the deceased brother giving his share it to the daughter and wife.
Made sure that their names were written in the title deed.
Later in 2023, the property got sold and now some of the siblings claim to have their share in inheritance. And want the money from it.
Whereas all these years after his death they did not claim any share nor demand to put their names to be put in it. Which clearly indicates that they were not interested in it.
When one of the uncles also advised the daughter not to take any wrong decisions after her share is given to her.
Now when the property is sold, they are still asking for their share.
My only concern is that are the siblings to the deceased entitled to have their inheritance share.
Jazakallahu khairan
Answer
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
In principle, a gift becomes complete through Ijaab (offer) and Qabool (acceptance) and by taking possession of the item. [1]
One does not become an owner automatically by merely putting the property on the person’s name. One should relinquish his/her rights from the specific property or item when gifting it.
You state that your father in law gave the property to his daughter and wife in the presence of the uncles. Accordingly, the property will belong to the wife and the daughter and it will not form part of the estate. It is incorrect of the siblings to claim their share in the property in reference.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Mufti Muhammad I.V Patel
Concurred by
Mufti Bilal Pandor
Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah
Lusaka, Zambia
الأصل للشيباني ط قطر (3/ 360)
ولا تجوز الهبة إلا مقسومة مقبوضة
بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (6/ 115)
أَمَّا رُكْنُ الْهِبَةِ فَهُوَ الْإِيجَابُ مِنْ الْوَاهِبِ فَأَمَّا الْقَبُولُ مِنْ الْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ فَلَيْسَ بِرُكْنٍ اسْتِحْسَانًا وَالْقِيَاسُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رُكْنًا وَهُوَ قَوْلُ زُفَرَ وَفِي قَوْلٍ قَالَ الْقَبْضُ أَيْضًا
(فَأَمَّا) الْقَبُولُ وَالْقَبْضُ فَفِعْلُ الْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ فَلَا يَكُونُ مَقْدُورَ الْوَاهِبِ وَالْمِلْكُ مَحْكُومٌ شَرْعِيٌّ ثَبَتَ جَبْرًا مِنْ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى شَاءَ الْعَبْدُ أَوْ أَبَى فَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ مَنْعَ النَّفْسِ عَنْهُ أَيْضًا بِخِلَافِ الْبَيْعِ
المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (6/ 238)
قال محمد رحمه الله في «الأصل» : لا تجوز الهبة إلا محوزة مقسومة مقبوضة يستوي فيها الأجنبي والولد إذا كان بالغاً، وقوله لا يجوز: لا يتم الحكم، فالجواز ثابت قبل القبض باتفاق الصحابة، والقبض الذي يتعلق به تمام الهبة؛ القبض بإذن الواهب وذلك نوعان: صريح، ودلالة ففيما إذا أذن له بالقبض صريحاً يصح قبضه في المجلس وبعد الافتراق عن المجلس ويملكه قياساً واستحساناً، ولو نهاه عن القبض بعد الهبة لا يصح قبضه لا في المجلس ولا بعد الافتراق عن المجلس ولا يملكه قياساً، ولو لم يكن أذن له بالقبض ولم ينهه عنه إن قبضه في المجلس صح قبضه استحساناً ولم يصح قبضه قياساً، وإن قبضه بعد الافتراق عن المجلس لا يصح قبضه قياساً واستحساناً،
النتف في الفتاوى للسغدي (1/ 512)
قَالَ وَالْهِبَة لَا تصح الا بِخمْس شَرَائِط
ان تكون مَعْلُومَة
ان تكون محوزة
وان تكون مفروغة
وان تكون مَقْبُوضَة عِنْد الْفُقَهَاء وابي عبد الله وَقَالَ مَالك ان وهب بِغَيْر ثَوَاب صَحَّ بِغَيْر قبض وان وهب للثَّواب فَلهُ مَنعه حَتَّى يُثَاب مِنْهَا كَالْبيع وَكَذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَة والعمرى والنخلى والجيس